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شرح صيغة النفي فى اللغة الإنجليزية The negative form |
صيغةالنفي The negative form
النفي فى اللغة الانجليزية negative له اكثر من صيغة ٠ويعتمد النفي في اللغة الانجليزية على صيغة الفعل verbونوع الزمن tense وكذلك على فاعل الجملة٠ ويوجد خمس طرق للنفي في اللغة الانجليزية.
أولاً: نفي الجملة باستخدام كلمة not / n't
الجملة التى تحتوي علي فعل مساعد نستخدم كلمة not بعد الفعل المساعد . ويكون نفى الأفعال المساعدة فى اللغة الانجليزية كالآتي
*( Verb to be ) فعل يكون
am → am not . are→ are not = aren't.
is→ is not= isn't . was→was not =wasn't.
were→ were not=weren't.
*(Modal verbs )الأفعال الناقصة
can →can not= can't. could→ couldn't.
will→ will not= won't may→ may not .
shall+ shall not= shan't. must→ must not = mustn't. ought to → oughtn't to . .should→ should not= shouldn't
*(verb to have)
have+ p.p3 → haven't+p٠p3 . has +PP3 → hasn't+ P. P 3. had+ P.P3→hadn't
أمثلة على نفي الجملة بكلمة( not)
( Negative using( not
- I am an engineer.→ I am not an engineer.
- She is lazy→ she isn't lazy.
- We are American.→ We aren't American.
- He was ill yesterday.→ he wasn't ill yesterday.
- We were in the party last night.→ we weren't in the party last night.
- I can speak French. I can't /can not speak French.
- We will travel tomorrow.→ we Will not/won't travel tomorrow.
- You must open your book in the exam. You mustn't open your book in the exam.
- I have arrived late.→ I have not /haven't arrived late
- My father has travelled to paris→ My father hasn't/ has not travelled to Paris٠
- He had slept before he studied٠→ he hadn't studied before he studied٠
ثانيا نفي الجملة فى زمن المضارع البسيط.
الجملة فى زمن المضارع البسيط تنفى باستخدام don't أو doesn' t او never
صيغة النفي بكلمةdon't
تستخدم don't لنفي الفعل في زمن المضارع البسيط عندما يكون الفاعل اسم جمع أو أحد الضمائر الشخصية الآتية( I, you, we, they) النفي كالآتي :
الفاعل+ don't+ الفعل فى المصدر
أمثلة للنفي باستخدام كلمة don't
1. I study science every day.
I don't study science every day.
2. We eat cheese for lunch.
We don't eat cheese for lunch.
3. They use dictionaries during the exam.
They don't use dictionaries during exams.
4. Muslims eat during the day in Ramadan.
Muslims don't eat during the day in Ramadan
صيغةالنفى بكلمة doesn't:
تستخدم doesn't فى نفي الفعل فى زمن المضارع البسيط والذى ينتهي بحرف S أو es ويكون الفاعل اسم مفرد أو أحد ضمائر المفرد الغائب.( he_ she_ it) He Studies English every day
He doesn't study English every day. My brother goes to the club,
My brother doesn't go to the club.
صيغةالنفي بكلمة never
تستخدم كلمة never في نفي الجملة التي يوجد فيها ظروف التكرار:always, usually, often sometimes → never
I always go to school late٠→ I never go to school late.
She usually plays tennis-→ she never play tennis٠
نلاحظ أنه عند نفي الجملة باستخدام never ٠ فإننا لانغير صيغة الفعل ولا تصريفه بمعنى أن الفعل المنتهي ب S يظل كما هو نحذف حرف S
My brother always travels to London in summer
My brother never travels to London in summer
ثالثا: الجملة في زمن الماضى البسيط
تستخدم didn't في نفي الجملة فى زمن الماضي البسيط ويأتى بعد didn't مصدر الفعل كالآتي:
الفاعل→didn't→مصدر الفعل
I ate fish. → I didn't eat fish.
I visited the museum→ I didn't visit the museum٠
We went to school last Friday.→ we didn't go to schoois
رابعاً حالات خاصة فى نفي جمل اللغة الانجليزية
- اذا كان فعل الجملة الاساسي هو كلمة do بمعنى يقوم ب_ أو يؤدى تتحول فى صيغة النفي هى don't do
I do my homework at night→ I don'tdo my homework at night
- اذا كان فعل الجملة الاساسي does بمعنى يؤدي تتحول فى صيغة النفي doesn't do
Ali does his homework everyday →Ali doesn't do his homework every day
- إذا كان فعل الجملة الاساسي هو الفعل did بمعنى أدى أو قام ب تتحول في صيغة النفي تكون didn't do
She did many activities→ She didn't do many activities
- اذا كان في الجملة فيها have to تتحول الى don't have to
I have to stay at home→ I don't have to stay at home.
- اذا كانت الجملة فيها has to تتحول إلى doesn't have to
He has to get up early→ he doesn't have to get up early.
- اذا كانت الجملة فيها had to تتحول فى صيغة النفي إلى didn't have to
We had to pay for the books at the last book fair yesterday.
We didn'thave to pay for the books at last book fair yesterday.
- تتحول كلمة some إلى any فى صيغة النفي
There is some water in the Fridge٠
There isn't any water in the fridge.
- تتحول كلمة already وكلمة just إلى yet في زمن المضارع التام:
I have already finished my homework٠
I haven't finished my homework yet.
She has just written the e-mail٠
She hasn't written the e-mail yet.
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